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1.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-7, mar. 20, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1428650

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação de estratégia tecnológica, Quiz Interativo "Manejando RSS", como ferramenta facilitadora para capacitação em serviço sobre manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde para profissionais atuantes em Maternidade de Alto Risco. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida no período de 14 a 17 de janeiro de 2020. A população foi composta de 60 profissionais de diferentes categorias, selecionados através de amostragem por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado ao final da participação dos profissionais na atividade de capacitação. Os dados encontrados foram inseridos no Google Forms, cujos recursos auxiliaram na análise descritiva de frequência e interpretação. Resultados: Do total de 60 participantes, 90% consideraram ótima a relevância do tema, tanto quanto 85% os assuntos abordados, 88,3% a metodologia utilizada, 58,3% o tempo destinado à atividade, 63,3% o aproveitamento da atividade, e a contribuição para melhoria da qualidade assistencial, 81,6%. Contudo, 60% dos participantes não emitiram críticas nem sugestões sobre a atividade desenvolvida. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a estratégia implementada foi fundamental para estimular o envolvimento e participação da equipe multiprofissional em atividade de educação em serviço, contribuindo para as Boas Práticas no manejo de resíduos de serviços de saúde. (AU)


Objective: Evaluate the application of a technological strategy, Interactive Quiz "Handling Medical Waste", as a facilitating tool for in-service training on the management of Medical Waste for professionals working in High-Risk Maternity Hospitals. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive research, quantitative approach, developed in the period from January 14 to 17, 2020. The population consisted of 60 professionals from different categories, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire at the end of the participation of professionals in the training activity. The data found were entered into Google Forms, whose resources helped in the descriptive analysis of frequency and interpretation. Results: Of the total of 60 participants, 90% considered the relevance of the topic excellent, as much as 85% the subjects covered, 88.3% the methodology used, 58.3% the time devoted to the activity, 63.3% the use of the activity, and the contribution to improving the quality of care, 81.6%. However, 60% of the participants did not issue criticism or suggestions about the activity developed. Conclusion: The study showed that the implemented strategies were essential to encourage the involvement and participation of the multidisciplinary team in in-service education activities, contributing to Good Practices in the management of Medical Waste. (AU)


Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de una estrategia tecnológica, Quiz Interactivo "Manipulación de Residuos Sanitarios", como herramienta facilitadora de la formación en servicio en gestión de residuos sanitarios para profesionales que laboran en Maternidades de Alto Riesgo. Métodos: Investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en el período del 14 al 17 de enero de 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 60 profesionales de diferentes categorias, seleccionados mediante muestreo de conveniencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado al finalizar la participación de los profesionales en la actividad formativa. Los datos encontrados fueron ingresados en Google Forms, cuyos recursos ayudaron en el análisis descriptivo de frecuencia e interpretación. Resultados: Del total de 60 participantes, el 90% consideró excelente la relevancia del tema, hasta 85% de los sujetos cubiertos, 88,3% la metodología utilizada, 58,3% el tiempo dedicado a la actividad, 63,3% el uso de la actividad, y el contribución a la mejora de la calidad de la atención, 81,6%. Sin embargo, el 60% de los participantes no emitió críticas ni sugerencias sobre la actividad desarrollada. Conclusión: El estudio mostró que las estrategias implementadas fueron fundamentales para incentivar el involucramiento y participación del equipo multidisciplinario en las actividades de educación en servicio, contribuyendo a las Buenas Prácticas en la gestión de residuos de los servicios sanitarios. (AU)


Subject(s)
Medical Waste , Cross Infection , Waste Management , Professional Training , Hospitals, Maternity
2.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-7, mar. 20, 2023. fig
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1428842

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar as formas de descarte correto do resíduo doméstico advindo da insulinoterapia e elaborar uma tecnologia para educação aos pacientes (cartilha). Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, do tipo revisão integrativa. O levantamento das publicações foi realizado entre os meses de julho a dezembro de 2021, a partir das bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana em ciências da saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando como descritores: Diabetes Mellitus; Insulina; Gerenciamento de Resíduos. Resultados: Identificou-se que a orientação a pessoa com Diabetes Mellitus quanto ao descarte correto de agulhas, seringas, lancetas, fitas reagentes, entre outros é deficiente e que a falta de legislação brasileira específica para resíduos de saúde produzidos em residências é o principal problema para o gerenciamento inadequado dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. A partir dos achados foi possível desenvolver uma tecnologia para educação a pessoas em uso de insulina. Conclusão: Há necessidade de investir em ações de orientação e prevenção, para reforçar aos usuários os cuidados no descarte dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. A capacitação dos profissionais da saúde possibilita o repasse de orientações adequadas e consistentes aos usuários, visando a proteção de quem produz os resíduos, dos coletores e do meio ambiente. (AU)


Objective: To analyze the forms of correct disposal of domestic waste from insulin therapy and develop a technology for patient education (booklet). Methods: Descriptive and exploratory study, integrative review type. The survey of publications was conducted between July and December 2021, from the Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, using the following descriptors: Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin; Waste Management. Results: It was identified that the guidance to people with Diabetes Mellitus regarding the correct disposal of needles, syringes, lancets, reagent strips, among others is deficient and that the lack of specific Brazilian legislation for health care waste produced in households is the main problem for the inadequate management of health care waste. From the findings it was possible to develop a technology for education of people using insulin. Conclusion: There is a need to invest in guidance and prevention actions, to reinforce to users the care in the disposal of health services waste. The training of health professionals enables the transfer of appropriate and consistent guidance to users, aiming to protect those who produce waste, the collectors and the environment. (AU)


Objetivo: Analizar las formas de eliminación correcta de los desechos domésticos resultantes de la terapia con insulina y desarrollar una tecnología para la educación del paciente (cuaderno). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, del tipo revisión integradora. El relevamiento de publicaciones se realizó entre julio y diciembre de 2021, a partir de las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs), Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea (Scielo) y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores: Diabetes Mellitus; Insulina; Gestión de residuos. Resultados: Se identificó que la orientación a las personas con Diabetes Mellitus sobre el correcto desecho de agujas, jeringas, lancetas, tiras reactivas, entre otros, es deficiente y que la falta de legislación brasileña específica para los desechos sanitarios producidos en los domicilios es el principal problema por la gestión inadecuada de los residuos sanitarios. Con base en los hallazgos, fue posible desarrollar una tecnología para educar a las personas que usan insulina. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de invertir en acciones de orientación y prevención, para reforzar la atención de los usuarios en la eliminación de los residuos de los servicios de salud. La formación de los profesionales de la salud permite transmitir orientaciones adecuadas y coherentes a los usuarios, con el objetivo de proteger a los productores de residuos, a los recolectores y al medio ambiente. (AU)


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Waste Management , Insulin
3.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 22: e232955, Jan.-Dec. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1517825

ABSTRACT

Water-insoluble exopolysaccharides (I-EPS) are a virulence factor for dental biofilms. It has already been demonstrated that mango pulp induces the secretion of glucan-hydrolytic enzymes in the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, and that they have an effect on I-EPS from young biofilms. Aim: Evaluate the effect of mango peel as an enzyme inducer in T. harzianum, and the effect of enzymes secreted on mature biofilms. Methods: Fractions of the peel (PL) and ethanol-precipitated pulp (PP) of Tommy Atkins mangoes were sterilized and added to a culture medium containing T. harzianum for induction of hydrolytic enzymes. After 192 h, the culture medium was centrifuged and the supernatant (enzyme extract) was used as treatment on S. mutans biofilms (n=9): a) NaCl 0.9 %; b) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate; and c) extract of enzymes induced by PL or PP. Acidogenicity, bacterial viability, quantification of insoluble polysaccharides, and three-dimensional analysis of the biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (α=5 %). Results: The hydrolytic enzymes did not alter the metabolism or bacterial viability of the biofilm (p<0.05). Although the images obtained by SEM suggest some degree of matrix degradation, the quantification of I-EPS for the PL and PP groups did not differ from the control group (p>0.05), suggesting a slight effect on the disorganization of the mature S. mutans biofilm. Conclusion: The results suggest that mango peel fraction can induce secretion of mutanase by T. harzianum, however in an insufficient amount to generate significant degradation on cariogenic biofilm.


Subject(s)
Biotechnology , Waste Management , Biofilms , Mangifera , Glucans
4.
Clin. biomed. res ; 43(1): 21-29, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1435602

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No Brasil, existem poucos estudos com recicladores de Unidades de Triagem de Resíduos (UTRs). Vários fenômenos sociais têm sido associados ao aumento da Insegurança Alimentar (IA) em países menos desenvolvidos. O estudo tem como objetivo descrever a prevalência de insegurança alimentar em recicladores.Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adultos associados de duas UTRs na cidade de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil, entre 2017 a 2018. Todas as coletas ocorreram nas UTRs. Os indivíduos tiveram seu estado nutricional avaliado por medidas antropométricas através da aferição de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. A taxa de Insegurança Alimentar foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) e o risco para uso de substâncias foi avaliado pelo Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).Resultados: Foram avaliados 123 sujeitos, com idade média de 35 ± 13,4 anos, sendo 66% do sexo feminino. Foi identificada uma taxa de IA de 74%, sendo que destes, 16% apresentaram Insegurança Alimentar Grave. Cerca de 57% dos participantes apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade e 48% circunferência da cintura aumentada. Em relação ao uso de substâncias, 60,5% relataram abuso de tabaco e 14% de álcool.Conclusão: São necessárias intervenções multidisciplinares para prevenir as situações encontradas e a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para os atos de promoção da saúde na população de recicladores. É fundamental que tanto a sociedade, quanto o governo reconheçam a existência destes problemas para que medidas efetivas possam ser instituídas.


Introduction: In Brazil, there are few studies with recyclers of Waste Sorting Units (WSUs). Several social phenomena have been associated with increased food insecurity (FI) in less developed countries. The study aims to describe food insecurity prevalence in recyclers.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with adults from two WSUs in the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, between 2017 and 2018. All data assessment occurred in WSUs. Anthropometric measurements were assessed by weight, height and waist circumference. Food insecurity was assessed with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) and substance use was evaluated by the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).Results: 123 subjects were evaluated, with a mean age of 35 ± 13.4 years, 66% of which were female. A FI rate of 74% was identified, and of these, 16% had Severe Food Insecurity. About 57% of participants were overweight or obese and 48% presented high waist circumference. Regarding substance use, 60.5% were classified for tobacco abuse and 14% for alcohol abuse.Conclusion: Multidisciplinary interventions are needed to prevent all health issues encountered as well as implementation of public policies for the recyclers' health promotion. It is essential that both society and the government recognize the existence of these problems so that measures can be carried out by health institutions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Nutrition Assessment , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis
5.
PAMJ One Health ; 10(4): 1-11, 2023. figures, tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1425386

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the practice of dentistry in contemporary times produces considerable waste that could be harmful to individuals and the environment at large. In Ghana and many other jurisdictions, there are guidelines that outline how these wastes should be managed. This study was conducted to explore practices concerning dental waste management among dental surgery staff in some public facilities in Accra, Ghana. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study involving dental surgery staff of four major facilities in Accra was done. Overall, 124 staff from the selected facilities participated in the study, and 51 different dental surgeries were assessed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observation checklist. The questionnaire included questions on socio-demographics, as well as knowledge and practices regarding dental waste management. Results: there was unsatisfactory knowledge of waste disposal, while practices did not generally meet international recommendations and the Ministry of Health´s (MOH) guidelines. Though all respondents stored their sharp waste in puncture-proof containers, 98.4% did not label their clinical waste, while 62.9% would dispose of used X-ray fixers by pouring them down the drain. None of the 51 surgeries observed had more than one colour code available. Conclusion: there is a palpable need for education, monitoring, and empowerment concerning waste management in Ghana´s oral healthcare system.


Subject(s)
Cross-Sectional Studies , Dentistry , Public Facilities , Hazardous Waste , Oral Health , Waste Management , Oral Surgical Procedures
6.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ; : 234-241, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-998865

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: Poor waste management led to mosquito breeding grounds. Previous research found that construction sites are the mosquito breeding area thus it’s important to understand how construction sites affect mosquito breeding. Methods: This study utilized a prospective study to determine the characteristic of breeding preference in residential construction sites. On-field breeding preference survey was conduct in the selected project site in 12 weeks (1st October 2021 until 31st December 2021). Wet container inspection was carried out according to types of the residential construction building and progress of the site. All possible wet materials and containers was inspected and record accordingly in the form during the surveillance. Results: Result shows that the most preferred containers found was building floor (41.68%), others such as planter box that use for landscape purpose, drainage system, building mould and lift wells. The results of the research indicate that prospective containers with water and breeding sites at high rise construction sites were found to be more than those at low rise construction sites. Conclusion: Overall, substantially fewer water containers were discovered in low rise projects compared to high rise projects. Construction management need encourage all the workers to do best management practice such as proper waste disposal and removal of the water and possible wet container and conduct awareness among the workers.

7.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-220840

ABSTRACT

Introduction :Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) saw an overhaul in the biomedical waste management (BMWM) practices. Waste handlers were at the brunt of these changes. If the challenges pertaining to BMWM at the ground level are better understood, more effective measures to overcome them can be formulated. 1. To identify myths and concerns regarding BMWM in the context of COVID-Objectives: 19 pandemic. 2. To explore the challenges faced in BMWM amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. 3.To explore opportunities and future perspectives of BMWM. In-depth interviews were conducted among 17Method: purposively selected Class IV health care workers during August to November 2021 in a tertiary care institute in Mumbai. Data was reported using thematic analysis. Three major themes - challengesResults: and concerns faced by BMW handlers, enablers/ motivators, opportunities and future practices were generated from the transcripts. Various challenges faced by waste handlers were- difficulties in segregation and transport of BMW, exhaustion from PPE usage and fear of acquiring and spreading COVID-19 from work, stigma faced from public, and handling COVID-19 deaths. Support from family and colleagues, incentives and a positive change in public perception enabled them to work. Forming redressal committees, addressing job security concerns and timely provision of good quality equipment can improve hospital waste management measures in the future. It is of utmost importance to address challenges faced byConclusion: waste handlers in BMWM. Onus should also be on periodic training in BMWM

8.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 46(4): 30-50, 20221231.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419230

ABSTRACT

O primeiro passo para a adequação do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) deve ser o levantamento de como ele é feito no ambiente estudado. Por isso, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o gerenciamento dos RSS realizado pelo hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, localizado no município de Prudentópolis (PR). Os dados foram levantados a partir da aplicação de um questionário, de observações de campo e de registros fotográficos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada após a autorização do hospital e a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste. Os dados mostraram que há falhas em diversas etapas do manejo de resíduos sólidos: na segregação, há falhas na separação dos grupos B e D; no acondicionamento, há erros de alocação do saco de lixo no recipiente correto; no transporte interno, há o problema de que ele não segue rota predeterminada, e os carros utilizados nos transportes não seguem o preconizado pelas normas; os locais de armazenamento temporário e externo também não atendem a todos os requisitos das normas. Esses problemas apresentados podem ser prejudiciais tanto à saúde e à segurança dos trabalhadores como ao meio ambiente. Assim, os resultados apresentados neste estudo fornecem subsídios para que o estabelecimento de saúde perceba quais fases do manejo dos resíduos podem ser aprimoradas e, assim, possa promover melhorias contínuas que minimizem os riscos existentes, tanto nas questões ambientais como nas de saúde.


The first step towards the adequacy of the Health Service Waste Management must be the survey of how it is carried out in the studied environment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the Health Service Waste Management of the hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, located in the municipality of Prudentópolis (PR). Data were collected from the application of a questionnaire, field observations, and photographic records. The data collection has been performed after authorization from the hospital and approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste. The data collected showed failures in several stages of solid waste management: in segregation, there are failures in the separation of Groups B and D; in packaging, there are errors in the allocation of the garbage bag in the correct container; in internal transport, there is the issue of not following a predetermined route, and the cars used in transport do not follow what is recommended by the regulations; the temporary and external storage locations also do not meet all the requirements of the regulations. These problems can be harmful both to the health and safety of workers, as well as to the environment. Thus, the results presented in this study provide subsidies for the health establishment to understand which phases of waste management can be improved and, thus, can promote continuous improvements that minimize existing risks, both in environmental and health issues.


El primer paso para la adecuación de la administración de residuos de servicio de salud debe ser el levantamiento de cómo se realiza en el ambiente estudiado. Por eso, este estudio tuvo como objetivo el análisis de la administración de residuos de servicio de salud realizado por el hospital Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, ubicado en el municipio de Prudentópolis, en Paraná (Brasil). Los datos se recabaron desde la aplicación de un cuestionario, de observaciones de campo y de registros fotográficos. Se realizó la recopilación de datos tras la autorización del hospital y la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, de la Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste. Los datos recabados mostraron que hay defectos en varias etapas de manejo de residuos sólidos: en la segregación hay defectos en la separación de los Grupos B y D, en el acondicionamiento hay errores de asignación de bolsa de basura en el envase correcto, en el transporte interno no hay una ruta predeterminada y los coches utilizados en los transportes no siguen lo defendido por las normas, y los sitios de almacenamiento temporario y externo también no atenden a todos los requisitos de las normas. Estos problemas presentados pueden traer daños tanto a la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores como al medio ambiente. Así, los resultados presentados en este estudio traen subsidios para que el establecimiento de salud perciba cuáles etapas del manejo de los residuos pueden mejorar y así minimizar los riesgos existentes tanto en las cuestiones ambientales como en las de salud.


Subject(s)
Medical Waste Disposal , Waste Management , Hospitals , Medical Waste
9.
Rev. enferm. Cent.-Oeste Min ; 12: 4648, nov. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1435795

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever o estado das evidências relacionadas ao gerenciamento e educação em serviço da equipe interprofissional sobre Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde (RSS), especificamente na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método: Revisão integrativa nas bases LILACS, BDENF, PubMed®, WOS, CINAHL e SciVerse Scopus entre 2010 e 2020 nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: A amostra foi de 17 artigos de países emergentes e subdesenvolvidos, com carência de conhecimentos e inconformidades no gerenciamento e cumprimento das normativas quanto à saúde ambiental, resvalando em riscos ocupacionais. A interpretação gerou: (1) O gerenciamento e a premência da educação permanente em serviço: entre inadequações e adequações e (2) Propostas de efetivação do gerenciamento correto na Atenção Primária. Conclusão: Sintetizaram-se evidências de nível VI, descrevendo a premência de educação permanente em serviço para mudança de práticas e uma maior atenção ao Plano de Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde na APS.


Objective: To describe the state of evidence related to the management and in-service education of the interprofessional team on Waste from Health Services (WHS), specifically in Primary Health Care (PHC). Method: Integrative review in LILACS, BDENF, PubMed®, WOS, CINAHL and SciVerse Scopus databases between 2010 and 2020 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: The sample consisted of 17 articles from emerging and underdeveloped countries, with a lack of knowledge and nonconformities in the management and compliance with regulations regarding environmental health, slipping into occupational risks. The interpretation generated: (1) The management and urgency of continuing education in service: between inadequacies and adaptations and (2) Proposals for effective management in Primary Care. Conclusion: Level VI evidence was synthesized, describing the need for permanent in-service education to change practices and pay greater attention to the Health Services Waste Management Plan in PHC.


Objetivo: Describir el estado de la evidencia relacionada con la gestión y educación en servicio del equipo interprofesional sobre Residuos de los Servicios de Salud (RSS), específicamente en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Método: Revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, PubMed®, WOS, CINAHL y SciVerse Scopus entre 2010 y 2020 en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 17 artículos de países emergentes y subdesarrollados, con desconocimiento e inconformidades en la gestión y cumplimiento de las normas en materia de salud ambiental, incursionando en los riesgos laborales. La interpretación generó: (1) La gestión y urgencia de la educación permanente en servicio: entre insuficiencias y adaptaciones y (2) Propuestas para una gestión eficaz en Atención Primaria. Conclusión: Se sintetizó evidencia de nivel VI, describiendo la necesidad de educación permanente en servicio para cambiar prácticas y prestar mayor atención al Plan de Gestión de Residuos de los Servicios de Salud en la APS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Public Health , Nursing , Waste Management , Environmental Health Education
10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-218640

ABSTRACT

Solid waste management (SWM) have becomes a very serious concern globally. The lack of individual responsibilities as well as proper attitude and approach leads to this issue. Rapid industrialization, increase in population and further increase in standard of living and poor waste management have increased the serous health issue. In India we generate about one 1 lakh ton of MSW per day. Almost every ton of MSW is disposed of unscientifically. Though the compostable organic waste ranges between 34-70 percent, improper segregation or no segregation at source has challenged the further treatment and disposal experiments. Ranchi city need to be taken care by various new SWM techniques, proper management skill and adequate care the diseases and improve medical conditions. This paper deals with the proper description of the current MSWM process and the real time scenario where every individual is a source of waste creation. The effect of growing population of last ten years outcome of waste quality and quantity generated throughout these years have been discussed. It is observed that more than 4000 tons of waste per month is being generated. Researches shows that the disposal of solid waste requires 2,700,000 m2 area for the land up to the year 2030. Far sustainable development and effective management it is suggested that implementation of newer technologies, training of common people, and effective implementation of government policies will help to come out of these current issues

11.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 62(1): 116-122, jun, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1381305

ABSTRACT

La presente nota científica plantea una propuesta para gestionar de manera integral el problema ocasionado por la mala disposición de los desechos sólidos en la zona industrial Lurigancho, Perú. Se basa en el modelo de operador, que considera la parte política, estratégica y regulador, de esta manera contar con indicadores, que sirvan de herramientas para la toma de decisiones en la en la gestión de residuos a las plantas industriales a partir de su control, vigilancia, información y clasificación. Esta propuesta se aplicó en doce lugares de disposición de los residuos industriales, puntos de monitoreo, con dos intervenciones, con la evaluación inicial se observó caos ambiental, con desbordamiento de los contenedores de basura, sin aprovechamiento de los residuos y proliferación de fauna nociva. Posterior a la inducción para ejecutar la propuesta, en la segunda intervención, posterior a 45 días, se precisó mejoras considerables, aplicándose recomendaciones objetivas basadas en los valores de los indicadores los que permitieron la planificación estratégica y operativa y de la programación y el control generales. Los resultados preliminares hacen suponer que esta propuesta atiende requerimientos medioambientales y de salubridad, a través de la reducción y procesamiento de los residuos, cuya inadecuada disposición puede llegar a afectar la salud humana(AU)


This scientific note presents a proposal to comprehensively manage the problem caused by poor disposal of solid waste in the Lurigancho industrial zone, Peru. It is based on the operator model, which considers the political, strategic and regulatory part, thus having indicators that serve as tools for decision-making in the management of waste at industrial plants based on its control. , surveillance, information and classification. This proposal was applied in twelve industrial waste disposal sites, monitoring points, with two interventions, with the initial evaluation environmental chaos was observed, with overflow of garbage containers, without use of waste and proliferation of harmful fauna. After the induction to execute the proposal, in the second intervention, after 45 days, considerable improvements were required, applying objective recommendations based on the values of the indicators, which allowed strategic and operational planning and general programming and control. . Preliminary results suggest that this proposal meets environmental and health requirements, through the reduction and processing of waste, whose inadequate disposal can affect human health(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Solid Waste , Environmental Monitoring , Waste Management , Environmental Pollution/prevention & control , Industrial Waste , Peru , Operators , Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities
12.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2022 May; 60(5): 360-366
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-222494

ABSTRACT

Unsanitary open dumping and burning of wastes in dumpsites results to constant leaching of waste pollutants into the surrounding environment with attendant harmful consequences on wildlife and public health. Here, we investigated the histological effects of Onitsha municipal waste leachate on the Giant African land snail, Limicolaria aurora (Jay 1839). The histopathological effects of waste leachate on the digestive cells of the snails were examined following standard protocols. Snails were exposed to different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0%) of the leachate for a total duration of 21 days. Histological results obtained showed that waste leachate caused dose and duration dependent alterations in the digestive glands of L. aurora. Obvious histological variations were observed in snails exposed to 50% concentrations of the leachate compared to other doses. Observed histological changes were mainly degeneration of the digestive tubules, fragmentation and disappearance of the digestive cells, marked increase in excretory cells, necrosis and epithelia sloughing. This study therefore highlights the potential toxicity of waste leachate of causing mild to severe damage in the tissues of organisms. Reinforcing the fact, that waste leachate contains a mix of toxic substances that could pose a severe injury to the biological system of surrounding biota, including humans.

13.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 26: e1423, abr.2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1387063

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a geração e o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS) nos serviços inseridos na atenção básica à saúde. Método: estudo descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com os responsáveis pelo gerenciamento de RSS de 27 estabelecimentos de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários autorrespondidos e pesagem dos RSS e foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar. Resultados: os 27 estabelecimentos de saúde geraram 719,665 kg de RSS, sendo 300,140 kg de RSS gerados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família (EqSF) e 419,525 kg de RSS oriundos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Destaca-se que 66,6% (14) dos participantes de EqSF não souberam descrever como era realizada a segregação dos resíduos químicos; e 50,0% (6) dos respondentes de UBS não souberam informar o tipo de disposição final oferecida aos RSS. Conclusão: a elevada geração de RSS e as lacunas apresentadas no gerenciamento podem ser minimizadas por meio da implementação de medidas que visem à capacitação dos responsáveis pelo manejo e trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde, além da implantação da coleta seletiva a fim de contribuir para um desenvolvimento sustentável.


RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la generación y gestión de residuos de servicios de salud (RSS) en servicios incluidos en la atención primaria de salud. Método: estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Esta encuesta se realizó con los responsables de la gestión del RSS de 27 establecimientos de salud. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios auto respondidos y pesaje RSS y fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar. Resultados: los 27 establecimientos de salud generaron 719.665 kg de RSS, con 300.140 kg de RSS generados por los Equipos de Salud de la Familia (EqSF) y 419.525 kg de RSS de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). Cabe señalar que el 66,6% (14) de los participantes de EqSF no pudieron describir cómo se realizó la segregación de desechos químicos; y el 50,0% (6) de los encuestados de UBS no pudieron informar el tipo de disposición final ofrecida al RSS. Conclusión: la alta generación de RSS y las brechas en la gestión se pueden minimizar mediante la implementación de medidas dirigidas a capacitar a los responsables de la gerencia y trabajadores de los servicios de salud, además de la implementación de la recolección selectiva con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo sustentable.


ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the generation and management of waste from health services (WHS) in the services included in Primary Health Care. Method: a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted with the people in charge of managing WHS from 27 health care facilities. The data were collected by means of self-administered questionnaires, as well as the WHS weigh, and were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The research was approved by UFSCar's Research Ethics Committee. Results: the 27 health care facilities generated 719.665 kg of WHS, with 300.140 kg generated by the Family Health teams (FHts) and 419.525 kg by the Basic Health Units (BHUs). It is noteworthy that 66.6% (14) of the FHt participants were unable to describe how the chemical waste was segregated; and that 50.0% (6) of the BHU respondents were unable to report the type of final disposal for the WHS. Conclusion: the high generation of WHS and the gaps presented in management can be minimized through the implementation of measures aimed at training those responsible for the management and the health care workers, in addition to the implementation of selective collection in order to contribute to sustainable development.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Waste Management , Medical Waste/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Family Nurse Practitioners , Sustainable Development , Waste Sorting
14.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1400776

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Compreender a percepção, atitudes e práticas de trabalhadores de um hospital universitário frente a resíduos sólidos de saúde (RSS). Métodos: Realizou-se, por meio de metodologia descritiva e qualitativa, entrevista com profissionais de saúde em 2019 em um hospital universitário do município de Bagé, situado na Região da Campanha do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Desenvolveram-se um total de quatro questões norteadoras: (1) conhecimento sobre resíduos sólidos hospitalares; (2) identificação de resíduos sólidos hospitalares; (3) rotina no serviço de saúde ao manusear resíduos sólidos hospitalares; e (4) entendimento sobre danos provocados por resíduos sólidos hospitalares, sendo as falas dos depoentes (n=18) gravadas, com posterior degravação para análise de conteúdo. Emergiram as categorias: Entendimento sobre Resíduos Sólidos Hospitalares; Etapas do Gerenciamento de RSS; Dificuldades e Limitações; e Risco do Descarte Inapropriado. Resultados: Os dados revelaram fragilidades sobre a temática quanto conceito, gestão e riscos; não havendo clareza sobre a logística dada aos RSS; há falta de conhecimento sobre a categorização dos distintos tipos e o gerenciamento de RSS, evidenciando o não entendimento do correto descarte dos RSS gerados no contexto hospitalar, sinalizando para a necessidade de treinamento sobre o tema. Conclusão:Compreenderam-se as dificuldades sobre o conhecimento e entendimento dos entrevistados do presente estudo acerca da temática, impactando em suas atitudes e em suas práticas.


Objective: To understand university hospital workers' perception, attitudes and practices in relation to solid health-care waste (SHW). Methods: An interview with health professionals was carried out using a descriptive and qualitative methodology in 2019 at a university hospital in the city of Bagé, located in the Campanha Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of four guiding questions were formulated: (1) knowledge about solid hospital waste; (2) identification of solid hospital waste; (3) routine in the health service when handling solid hospital waste; and (4) understanding of damage caused by solid hospital waste, with the interviewees' reports (n=18) being recorded and transcribed verbatim for content analysis. The following categories emerged: Understanding Solid Hospital Waste; SHW Management Steps; Difficulties and Limitations; and Risk of Inappropriate Disposal. Results: The data revealed weaknesses on the subject in terms of concept, management and risks; there is no clarity about the logistics involving SHW; there is a lack of knowledge about the categorization of the different types and the management of SHW, highlighting the lack of understanding of the correct disposal of the SHW generated in the hospital context and signaling the need for training on the subject. Conclusion: The difficulties related to the interviewees' knowledge and understanding of the subject were understood and impact their attitudes and practices.


Objetivo: Comprender la percepción, actitudes y prácticas de trabajadores de un hospital universitario frente a residuos sólidos de salud (RSS). Métodos: Fue realizado, por medio de metodología descriptiva y cualitativa, encuesta con profesionales de salud en 2019 en un hospital universitario del municipio de Bagé, ubicado en la Región de la Campaña del Estado del Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil. Fueron desarrolladas un total de cuatro cuestiones norteadoras: (1) conocimiento sobre residuos sólidos hospitalarios; (2) identificación de residuos sólidos hospitalarios; (3) rutina en el servicio de salud al manejar residuos sólido hospitalarios; y (4) entendimiento sobre daños provocados por residuos hospitalarios, siendo las hablas de los deponentes (n=18) grabadas, con posterior transcripción literal para análisis de contenido. Surgieron las categorías: Entendimiento sobre Residuos Sólidos Hospitalarios; Etapas de Gestión de RSS; Dificultades y Limitaciones; y Riesgo de Eliminación Inapropiado. Resultados: Los datos mostraron debilidad sobre la temática cuanto al concepto, gestión y riesgos; no habiendo claridad sobre la logística dada a los RSS; hay falta de conocimiento sobre la categorización de los distintos tipos y la gestión de RSS, evidenciando el no entendimiento de la correcta eliminación de los RSS generados en el contexto hospitalario, señalando para la necesidad de entrenamiento sobre el tema. Conclusión: Se comprendieron las dificultades sobre el conocimiento y entendimiento de los encuestados del presente estudio acerca de la temática, impactando en sus actitudes y en sus prácticas.

15.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: e239691, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1249238

ABSTRACT

The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.


A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.


Subject(s)
Cost-Benefit Analysis , Quality Control
16.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-5, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468500

ABSTRACT

The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.


A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.


Subject(s)
Waste Management/economics , Waste Management/methods , Bacteriological Techniques/economics , Bacteriological Techniques/instrumentation , Microbiological Techniques/economics , Microbiological Techniques/instrumentation
17.
Braz. j. biol ; 822022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468687

ABSTRACT

Abstract The loop is a material classically used in the laboratory for the purpose of plate streaking and handling biological materials. However, metal loops techniques might be time consuming, considering the amount of time spent to guarantee its cooling process through each inoculation. Furthermore, plastic loops may also represent environmental issues during its production and discard process and can also represent higher costs for the laboratory. Thus, in situations of limited resources, even the simplest materials can be restricted due to logistical and budgetary issues, especially in developing countries. Inspired by demands like these, facing an occasional shortage of supply of laboratory plastic handles, we hereby present a quality control for sterilization methods and cost-effectiveness studies towards the use of wooden sticks in a Latin American country and we discuss the possibility of the large-scale use of this technique.


Resumo A alça calibrada é um material usado classicamente em laboratório para fins de inoculação em placas e manuseio de materiais biológicos. No entanto, as técnicas de alças metálicas podem consumir muito tempo, considerando a quantidade de tempo gasto para garantir seu processo de resfriamento a cada inoculação. Além disso, alças de plástico também podem representar questões ambientais durante o processo de produção e descarte e também podem representar custos mais altos para o laboratório. Assim, em situações de recursos limitados, até os materiais mais simples podem ser restringidos devido a questões logísticas e orçamentárias, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Inspirados por demandas como essas, diante de uma escassez ocasional de suprimentos de alças de plástico de laboratório, apresentamos um controle de qualidade para métodos de esterilização e estudos de custo-efetividade para o uso de varas de madeira em um país latino-americano e discutimos a possibilidade de grande uso em escala dessa técnica.

18.
Horiz. sanitario (en linea) ; 20(3): 349-355, sep.-dic. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506334

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to describe waste management in primary health care centers of the Secretary of Health in the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, as a model case for developing countries. Material and methods: A observational, descriptive and cross- sectional study was conducted. The sample was made up of the seven primary healthcare centers of the Secretary of Health located in the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Data collection was carried out with a checklist designed according to the current legislation for the primary health care centers. Results: The global percentage of compliance was 55%, with variation between 47% and 63%. The stage of identification, separation and packaging recorded the highest percentage of compliance, while the temporary storage showed a lower percentage. Conclusion: The waste management in primary health care centers resulted in a level of compliance ranging from low to medium, which suggests the need for specific actions in order to improve waste management in health centers.


Resumen Objetivo: Este manuscrito tiene como obtetivo describir la gestión de residuos en centros de atención primaria de salud de la Secre taría de Salud ubicados en el municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, México, como un estudio de caso de países en desarrollo. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituída por siete centros de atención primaria de salud de la Secretaría de Salud del municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, México. La recolección de datos se realió con una lista de verificación diseñada con base en la legislación vigente en materia de la gestión de residuos para los centros de atención primaria de salud. Resultados: el porcentaje de cumplimiento global fue del 55%, con una variación entre 47% y el 63%. La etapa de identificación, sep aración y empaque registró el mayor porcentaje de cumplimiento, mientras que el almacenamiento temporal mostró el menor porcentaje. Conclusión: La gestión de residuos en los centros de atención primaria de salud resultó en un nivel de cumplimiento de bajo a medio, lo que sugiere la necesidad de acciones específicas para mejorar la gestión de residuos en los centros de salud.

19.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 26(1): 105-112, jan.-fev. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154114

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do Venturi para a síntese de biodiesel a partir de óleo comestível residual em rota metílica. Para tanto, foi construído em escala de laboratório um aparato experimental constituído de um tanque de 5,2 L e um dispositivo Venturi projetado para produzir o fenômeno de cavitação. A produção de biodiesel foi avaliada em três diferentes pressões de entrada do Venturi: 4,4; 2,9; e 1,4 bar. Os teores de ésteres metílicos foram determinados por cromatografia gasosa. O tempo de síntese de 5,2 L de biodiesel, com o Venturi, foi de 23,2 segundos (ou 4,5 segundos por litro de biodiesel produzido), o que equivale a um único ciclo de passagem pelo sistema a pressão máxima (4,4 bar). Nessa condição, o rendimento dos teores de ésteres foi superior a 98%. Não há na literatura outro caso de síntese tão rápida como a encontrada neste trabalho. A caracterização do biodiesel mostrou que os parâmetros viscosidade cinemática, índice de acidez, ponto de entupimento a frio e massa específica estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo. A comparação com outros estudos da literatura mostrou que o Venturi é superior às placas de orifício na síntese de biodiesel.


Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Venturi in the synthesis of biodiesel from residual edible oil in a methyl route. For this purpose, an experimental apparatus consisting of a 5.2 L tank and a Venturi device designed to produce the cavitation phenomenon was constructed in laboratory scale. Biodiesel production was evaluated at three different Venturi inlet pressures: 4.4; 2.9; and 1.4 bar. Methyl esters contents were determined by gas chromatography. Biodiesel synthesis time with the Venturi device was 23.2 seconds (or 4.5 seconds per liter of biodiesel produced), which is equivalent to a single cycle of the system at maximum pressure (4.4 bar). In this condition, the yield of the ester contents was greater than 98%. There is no other case of synthesis as fast as that found in this work. The biodiesel characterization showed that the parameters kinematic viscosity, acidity index, cold clogging point, and specific mass are within the limits established by National Agency of Petroleum Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional de Petróleo). The use of Venturi, as a cavitation device, was shown to be more efficient in biodiesel synthesis than other devices, such as orifice plates.

20.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 100-100, 2021.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-922194

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly becoming a threat to global public health, not least in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where it is contributing to longer treatment for illnesses, use of higher generation drugs, more expenditure on antimicrobials, and increased deaths attributed to what should be treatable diseases. Some of the known causes of AMR include misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in both humans and animals, unnecessary use of antimicrobials in animals as growth promoters, and lack of awareness among the public on how to protect antimicrobials. As a result, resistant organisms are circulating in the wider environment, and there is a need to consider the One Health approach to minimise the continuing development of AMR. Environmental Health, specifically water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), waste management, and food hygiene and safety, are key components of One Health needed to prevent the spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms particularly in LMICs and reduce the AMR threat to global public health. The key Environmental Health practices in the prevention of AMR include: (1) adequate WASH through access and consumption of safe water; suitable containment, treatment and disposal of human excreta and other wastewater including from health facilities; good personal hygiene practices such as washing hands with soap at critical times to prevent the spread of resistant microorganisms, and contraction of illnesses which may require antimicrobial treatment; (2) proper disposal of solid waste, including the disposal of unused and expired antimicrobials to prevent their unnecessary exposure to microorganisms in the environment; and (3) ensuring proper food hygiene and safety practices, such as sale and consumption of animal products in which adequate antimicrobial withdrawal periods have been observed, and growing vegetables on unpolluted soil. Environmental Health is therefore crucial in the prevention of infectious diseases that would require antimicrobials, reducing the spread of resistant organisms, and exposure to antimicrobial residues in LMICs. Working with other professionals in One Health, Environmental Health Practitioners have a key role in reducing the spread of AMR including health education and promotion, surveillance, enforcement of legislation, and research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Developing Countries , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Environmental Health/standards , Food Safety , Health Personnel/standards , Hygiene/standards , Role , Sanitation/standards , Waste Management/standards
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